Phase space is a mathematical concept that is used to describe the behavior of a physical system, particularly in classical mechanics and dynamical systems theory. In phase space, the state of a system is represented by a point in a multi-dimensional space,…
read moreMathematically, the degrees of freedom of a system is the number of independent parameters that define its configuration or state. In Mechanics, a train on a fixed track has one degree of freedom because its position can be defined solely by the…
read moreThe “critical density” is the average density of matter required for the Universe to just halt its expansion, but only after an infinite amount of time. This means that the universe’s expansion would come to a halt, and not recollapse. A universe with…
read moreThe Hubble Flow is the motion of astronomical objects due solely to the expansion of the universe. Right now the expansion is increasing space in the universe. In the future, it will either collapse back in on itself, expand forever, or stop…
read moreThe Second Friedmann Equation describes the acceleration or deceleration of the expansion (or contraction). It describes the forces pushing or pulling on the expansion.
read moreIf a is the scale factor – the current distance between any two points in space- then the rate of change of that scale factor in relation to the size of the universe is given as : Where is derived from a…
read moreIn our universe, a Constant is a value that remains constant throughout space and throughout time. The Gravitational Constant, G, for example – so far as we can tell – remains regardless of when or where the measurement takes place. So too…
read more“An electric charge is the property of matter where it has more or fewer electrons than protons in its atoms. Electrons carry a negative charge and protons carry a positive charge. Matter is positively charged if it contains more protons than electrons,…
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